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surname:marshall:1798_richard:start [2025/06/15 21:44] – [Richard F. Marshall (1798-1845)] Wiki Adminsurname:marshall:1798_richard:start [2025/06/15 21:55] (current) – [Richard's Birthplace?] Wiki Admin
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 ====== Richard F. Marshall (1798-1845) ====== ====== Richard F. Marshall (1798-1845) ======
  
-While there are number of unresolved questions about Richard F. Marshall, we do know that he is buried in Waverly, Pike County, Ohio. Several of Richard's descendants have visited the grave site, and a picture of the gravestone can be seen via the Find-A-Grave website. However, it is primarily from the discovery of Richard's will by his descendant [[sources:start#rem|REM]], that we can identify Richard F. Marshall and his wife Sarah ("Sally") Hall as ancestors for the Marshall families of this wiki.  That will provides the names of Richard's wife and children.  Putting this together with other records, lets us know something about Richard and Sarah, and helps us construct a family tree of their descendants.+While there are many unresolved questions about Richard F. Marshall, we do know that he is buried in Waverly, Pike County, Ohio. Several of Richard's descendants have visited the grave site, and a picture of the gravestone can be seen via the Find-A-Grave website. However, it is primarily from the discovery of Richard's will by his descendant [[sources:start#rem|REM]], that we can identify Richard F. Marshall and his wife Sarah ("Sally") Hall as ancestors for the Marshall families of this wiki.  That will provides the names of Richard's wife and children.  Putting this together with other records, lets us know something about Richard and Sarah, and helps us construct a family tree of their descendants.
 ((There are census records for 1820, 1830 and 1840 that are assumed to be for Richard's household.  In these years the census recorded only the name of the head of household, so  all we have for other members of the household are counts of males and females by age brackets.  For some or Richard's children, their approximate birth date has been derived through reconciliation of these early census records with later records.)) ((There are census records for 1820, 1830 and 1840 that are assumed to be for Richard's household.  In these years the census recorded only the name of the head of household, so  all we have for other members of the household are counts of males and females by age brackets.  For some or Richard's children, their approximate birth date has been derived through reconciliation of these early census records with later records.))
  
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-==== Richard's Birthplace? ==== +=== Was Richard Born in New Jersey? === 
-A number of family trees show New Jersey as Richard's birthplace.  To see why we consider this uncertain, you need to understand a few things about census records, since these are the only known documents with information about the birthplace of Richard and his wife Sarah.+A number of family trees show New Jersey as Richard's birthplace.  To see why this is uncertain, you need to understand a few things about census records, since these are the only known documents with information about the birthplace of Richard and his wife Sarah.
  
 Census records prior to 1850 included only the name of the head of household and the numbers of males and females within age brackets; these records do not include information about birthplace. In 1850 and 1860, census takers asked about the birthplace of each household member. In 1870, census questions for each household member included whether father and mother were foreign born, and in 1880 included the birthplace of father and mother.  Census records prior to 1850 included only the name of the head of household and the numbers of males and females within age brackets; these records do not include information about birthplace. In 1850 and 1860, census takers asked about the birthplace of each household member. In 1870, census questions for each household member included whether father and mother were foreign born, and in 1880 included the birthplace of father and mother. 
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 ==== Marriage ==== ==== Marriage ====
-Probably in or before 1819, Richard married Sarah "Sally" Hall. +Probably in or before 1819, Richard married [[surname:hall:1802_sarah_sally:start|Sarah "Sally" Hall]]. Where the marriage took place is unknown.
 ((Richard's will establishes that he had a wife named Sarah “Sally,” and later census records indicate that she is the mother of the children named in Richard's will.  Although there is no known record of the marriage between Richard and Sarah, other records suggest that it happened in or before 1919. If so, since Sarah would have been no more than 17 years old, the permission of her father or guardian would have been require for her marriage.)) ((Richard's will establishes that he had a wife named Sarah “Sally,” and later census records indicate that she is the mother of the children named in Richard's will.  Although there is no known record of the marriage between Richard and Sarah, other records suggest that it happened in or before 1919. If so, since Sarah would have been no more than 17 years old, the permission of her father or guardian would have been require for her marriage.))
-((It seems to be widely accepted that Sarah's birth surname was "Hall." Sarah lived until 1881 (i.e. age 78), so there may be records showing her birth surname. Alternatively, this may be information from family oral history.)) +((It seems to be widely accepted that Sarah's birth surname was "Hall." Sarah lived until 1881 (i.e. age 78), so there may be records showing her birth surname. Alternatively, this may be information from family oral history.  Much research has found no likely father for Sarah near where Richard and Sarah lived in 1820.  Taken all together, the slim evidence available suggests that Richard and Sarah were not married in Ohio.))
-Where the marriage took place is unknown.+
  
 ==== Work, Residence and Land Purchases ==== ==== Work, Residence and Land Purchases ====
  
-==== 1818 - Sutton, Gallia, OH ====+=== 1818 - Sutton, Gallia, OH ===
 Old tax records for Gallia County, OH show that a Richard Marshall of Sutton Township paid a chattel tax for ownership of a horse in 1818.  It seems reasonable to assume that this is the Richard Marshall who is shown in Federal Census for 1820-1840 to be living in the same area and matching what we know from other records.  According to a history of that period, the cost of a horse was around $50 and a settler without capital would need to work for wages for a year or more to be able to afford one. Old tax records for Gallia County, OH show that a Richard Marshall of Sutton Township paid a chattel tax for ownership of a horse in 1818.  It seems reasonable to assume that this is the Richard Marshall who is shown in Federal Census for 1820-1840 to be living in the same area and matching what we know from other records.  According to a history of that period, the cost of a horse was around $50 and a settler without capital would need to work for wages for a year or more to be able to afford one.
 ((Hurt, R. Douglas (1996) //The Ohio Frontier : Crucible of the Old Northwest 1720-1830//. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.))  ((Hurt, R. Douglas (1996) //The Ohio Frontier : Crucible of the Old Northwest 1720-1830//. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.)) 
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-==== 1820 - Harrison, Gallia, OH ====+=== 1820 - Harrison, Gallia, OH ===
 The 1820 census record for Harrison Township, Gallia County, Ohio includes the household of Richard Marshall, with 1 male 16-25, 1 female 16-25, and 1 female under 10.  This is consistent with a household that includes Richard (age 22), wife Sarah (age 17) and daughter Elizabeth J. (age >1). According to the census, Richard is engaged in agriculture, but the record doesn't show whether he was an independent farmer or worked for someone else. The 1820 census record for Harrison Township, Gallia County, Ohio includes the household of Richard Marshall, with 1 male 16-25, 1 female 16-25, and 1 female under 10.  This is consistent with a household that includes Richard (age 22), wife Sarah (age 17) and daughter Elizabeth J. (age >1). According to the census, Richard is engaged in agriculture, but the record doesn't show whether he was an independent farmer or worked for someone else.
  
 According to the National Archives, the 1820 census count was to be based on the status quo as of August 7, 1820.  It took about six months for the census to be completed, and some infants who were born after August 7 may have been mistakenly included in the count.  The exact birthdate of Elizabeth Jane is unknown, but it was likely prior to August 7, 1820.  This suggests that Richard and Sarah were married in or prior to 1819. According to the National Archives, the 1820 census count was to be based on the status quo as of August 7, 1820.  It took about six months for the census to be completed, and some infants who were born after August 7 may have been mistakenly included in the count.  The exact birthdate of Elizabeth Jane is unknown, but it was likely prior to August 7, 1820.  This suggests that Richard and Sarah were married in or prior to 1819.
-==== 1820s - Bedford, Meigs, OH ====+=== 1820s - Bedford, Meigs, OH ===
  
 Records of land transactions indicate that, sometime between 1820 and 1823, Richard became a resident of Meigs County and continued as such until at least 1825: ((Digital images of these land records have been provided by  [[:sources:start#rem|REM]]))  ((In addition to being difficult to read, the handwritten records of early land transactions use descriptions of the land that require some interpretation. The 1823 and 1825 documents describe land as being a part of the south end of the west half of Section 13, Township 3, Range 13 of the Ohio Company Purchase "lying in the Township of Bedford in the county aforsaid consisting of 50 acres lying at the south end of the west half of section thriteen and thriteenth rang taking it the whool width of the south end of the west half aforsaid starting from the south line of said section runing from thence fiftey rodes north (and closing by parallel lines), being the same more of less." Translating, this would be a strip of land 160 x 50 rods (i.e. approximately 880 x 275 yards) in the southwestern part of Bedford Township, Meigs County, Ohio.)) Records of land transactions indicate that, sometime between 1820 and 1823, Richard became a resident of Meigs County and continued as such until at least 1825: ((Digital images of these land records have been provided by  [[:sources:start#rem|REM]]))  ((In addition to being difficult to read, the handwritten records of early land transactions use descriptions of the land that require some interpretation. The 1823 and 1825 documents describe land as being a part of the south end of the west half of Section 13, Township 3, Range 13 of the Ohio Company Purchase "lying in the Township of Bedford in the county aforsaid consisting of 50 acres lying at the south end of the west half of section thriteen and thriteenth rang taking it the whool width of the south end of the west half aforsaid starting from the south line of said section runing from thence fiftey rodes north (and closing by parallel lines), being the same more of less." Translating, this would be a strip of land 160 x 50 rods (i.e. approximately 880 x 275 yards) in the southwestern part of Bedford Township, Meigs County, Ohio.))
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 These two transactions may not be the only land bought or sold by Richard Marshall during the 1820s. Finding records of land transactions in this part of Ohio involves visiting county courthouses in person and going through old record books. Another thing to keep in mind is that people did not always live on the land they farmed. These two transactions may not be the only land bought or sold by Richard Marshall during the 1820s. Finding records of land transactions in this part of Ohio involves visiting county courthouses in person and going through old record books. Another thing to keep in mind is that people did not always live on the land they farmed.
  
----- +=== 1830 - Athens, Athen, OH ===
- +
- +
-==== 1830 - Athens, Athen, OH ====+
 The 1830 census record for Athens Township, Athens County, Ohio includes the household of Richard Marshel with 1 male 30-39, one female 20-29, one female 10-14, 1 male 10-14, 1 male 5-9, and 2 females under 5. This is consistent with the family Richard (32), wife Sarah (~28), and children Elizabeth  Jane (~10), Joshua (~6), Louisa Lucy (~4), and Sarah Ann (~1) -- with the addition of 1 male age 10-14, whose identify is unknown.  This census did not ask about occupation. The 1830 census record for Athens Township, Athens County, Ohio includes the household of Richard Marshel with 1 male 30-39, one female 20-29, one female 10-14, 1 male 10-14, 1 male 5-9, and 2 females under 5. This is consistent with the family Richard (32), wife Sarah (~28), and children Elizabeth  Jane (~10), Joshua (~6), Louisa Lucy (~4), and Sarah Ann (~1) -- with the addition of 1 male age 10-14, whose identify is unknown.  This census did not ask about occupation.
  
-==== 1830s - Bedford, Meigs, OH ====+=== 1830s - Bedford, Meigs, OH ===
 Although the 1830 census places Richard's household in Athens Township (Athens County), other records show he continued to purchase land in Bedford Township (Meigs County):  Although the 1830 census places Richard's household in Athens Township (Athens County), other records show he continued to purchase land in Bedford Township (Meigs County): 
   * A record dated 18.Sep.1835 documents the sale by John and Sarah Story to  Richard F. Marshall of 131 acres of land in Bedford Township for $100.((Land description: "a parcel of land lying and being in Township No. 3 R 13 and Section 23 in the Ohio Company Purchase to begin at the North west corner of said Section thence South one hundred and thirty one rods to the Southwest corner of said Section thence East one hundred and sixty rods thence North one hundred and thirty one rod to the North line of the Section thence West on the said line one hundred and sixty rods to the place of beginning To contain one hundred and thirty one acres more or less." NOTE: The document also references a deed dated 21.Nov.1830, but it is not clear from the text whether this refers the actual date of sale to Richard or to the earlier purchase of the land by John Story.))   * A record dated 18.Sep.1835 documents the sale by John and Sarah Story to  Richard F. Marshall of 131 acres of land in Bedford Township for $100.((Land description: "a parcel of land lying and being in Township No. 3 R 13 and Section 23 in the Ohio Company Purchase to begin at the North west corner of said Section thence South one hundred and thirty one rods to the Southwest corner of said Section thence East one hundred and sixty rods thence North one hundred and thirty one rod to the North line of the Section thence West on the said line one hundred and sixty rods to the place of beginning To contain one hundred and thirty one acres more or less." NOTE: The document also references a deed dated 21.Nov.1830, but it is not clear from the text whether this refers the actual date of sale to Richard or to the earlier purchase of the land by John Story.))
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 These documents describe Richard as a resident of Bedford Township, Meigs County, Ohio.  It may be that Richard farmed land in Meigs County (perhaps with the help of hired labor) and also had a residence in Athens County. These documents describe Richard as a resident of Bedford Township, Meigs County, Ohio.  It may be that Richard farmed land in Meigs County (perhaps with the help of hired labor) and also had a residence in Athens County.
  
-==== 1840s ====+=== 1840s ===
 The 1840 census record for Scioto Township, Jackson County, Ohio includes the household of Richard F Marshall with 1 male 40-49, 1 female 30-39, 1 female 20-29, 1 male 15-19, 1 female 10-14, 3 males 5-9, 1 female 5-9, and 2 females under 5.  This is consistent with the family of Richard (43), Sarah (~30), Joshua (~16), Louisa Lucy (~14), Sarah Ann (~11), John Benjamin (~7), Richard Jr. (~5), Lucretia (~3), Jerusha (>1), with the addition  of 1 female 20-29 and 1 male 5-9 --- possibly widowed Elizabeth Jane and her young son. The 1840 census record for Scioto Township, Jackson County, Ohio includes the household of Richard F Marshall with 1 male 40-49, 1 female 30-39, 1 female 20-29, 1 male 15-19, 1 female 10-14, 3 males 5-9, 1 female 5-9, and 2 females under 5.  This is consistent with the family of Richard (43), Sarah (~30), Joshua (~16), Louisa Lucy (~14), Sarah Ann (~11), John Benjamin (~7), Richard Jr. (~5), Lucretia (~3), Jerusha (>1), with the addition  of 1 female 20-29 and 1 male 5-9 --- possibly widowed Elizabeth Jane and her young son.
 ((Elizabeth Jane married Noah Miles in 1837 and had a son Zachariah in 1838. Although the 1840 census record for Lodi, Athens, OH includes the household of a Noah Miles, that household includes a female >5 rather than a male, which fits with later records for a Noah Miles who married Matilda Pierce and had a daughter Ann Eliza (who later married Benjamin J. Cooley). So it may be that Elizabeth Jane's husband Noah Miles died prior to 1840 and that she is the 1 female 20-29; her son Zachariah Miles would have been only ~3 years old at the time, but he might have been incorrectly included in the 5-9 age bracket.)) ((Elizabeth Jane married Noah Miles in 1837 and had a son Zachariah in 1838. Although the 1840 census record for Lodi, Athens, OH includes the household of a Noah Miles, that household includes a female >5 rather than a male, which fits with later records for a Noah Miles who married Matilda Pierce and had a daughter Ann Eliza (who later married Benjamin J. Cooley). So it may be that Elizabeth Jane's husband Noah Miles died prior to 1840 and that she is the 1 female 20-29; her son Zachariah Miles would have been only ~3 years old at the time, but he might have been incorrectly included in the 5-9 age bracket.))